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MARATHA INDUSTRIES
http://www.maratha-96.blogspot.com/

Chhatrapati Shri Shivaji Maharaj



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15Histroy Of Maratha`s:-

Marathas are a blend of the Warrior and Agrarian classes, speaking Marathi and generally having their roots in Maharashtra. They are also found in large Nos in Karnataka, Goa, and Madhya Pradesh & Gujarat. There are contradictory theories about the Historic origins of Marathas and hence are not discussed here. A few Maratha clans claim themselves to be Kshatriyas (Warriors). Some such families were the Bhosales, Ghorpades, Jadhavs, Nimbalkars, Mores, Manes, Ghatges, Dafleys, Sawants, Shirkes, Mahadiks and the Mohites. The prominent Maratha families mentioned above were serving under the Nizam Shah of Ahmednagar and Adil Shah of Bijapur. These families are generally referred as the 96 clans or kulis which comprise of 96 different main clans with their different sub clans. Marathas are descendents of Rashtrakuts, Mauryas, Pariharas/Parmar (Pawar), Pratiharas, Shilahars, Kadambas, Yadavas, Chalukyas and many other royal clans in India.Maloji Bhosale (c.1552-1606) then the patil of verul joined Nizam Shah with a small band of cavalry. His son, Shahaji (1599-1664) served under Nizam Shah and Adil Shah, and came to prominence as a leading General. His son Shivaji (1627-1680) established the Hindavi Swarajya (Sovereign Hindu state), which happened to be the nucleus of the Maratha power that came into being later on. The Marathas, who had been till then serving as Deshmukhs (Jagirdars) to the Muslim rules, now had their own king and kingdom. The majority of Marathas, however belong to the peasantry class. The dividing line between the Kshatriya classes and the peasantry classes has become thin with the passage of time.A lot of matrimonial alliances are also taking place amongst them, unlike those in North or South India. The Maratha army and the administration also had people from all castes taking pride in it.The fanatic Brahmins of those times had refused to coronate Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and subsequently Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur since they didn't consider Marathas, as 'Kshatriyas'. The Brahmins declared that 'Only Kshatriyas are entitled to be crowned as the Kings' and Marathas being 'Shudras' were not entitled to be crowned. Chhatrapati Shivaji brought Gagabhat of Varanasi to establish his lineage with the Sisodias (Rajputs) of Rajasthan & testify his being Kshatriya, whereas the great social reformer Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj extended the vedic rights to non brahmins and empowered them do the jobs of the brahmins.


Sambhaji Maharaj
(Son of Shivaji Maharaj)

Rajarshi Shahu realised the falacy in the caste system and corrected it by bringing all the sections of the society on one platform to fight this brahmin fanatism. Throughout his life, he struggled for the upliftment and education of the downtrodden. . It is a worthwhile to see the majority lot of Maharashtrians identifying themselves as Marathas. It is a case of inculcation of pride in masses, a case study for sociologists.Marathas consider themselves to be the saviours of Hinduism who fought the onslaught of fanatic Mughal Emperor Aurangjeb. It is generally agreed by Historians that had the Maratha power not been there after the Mughals, the whole of India would have become Pakistan after Independence.The death of Chhatrapti Shivaji in 1680 and his son Sambhaji in 1687 pushed the Maratha kingdom in the period of instability upto 1707. The tiny Maratha kingdom , established by Chattrapati Shivaji was expanded by the Peshwas, who were the Brahmin Prime Ministers. The real credit for expanding the Maratha kingdom goes to Bajirao Peshwa I(1721-1740) . The Peshwas subsequently ruled the Maratha Kingdom as defacto rulers. The Maratha Sardars or chieftanslike Gaekwads of Baroda, Shindes of Gwalior, Holkars of Indore expanded the power in North India and became powerful after the Peshwas.They then established their own kingdoms. At one time, the Marathas rule spread from Attock in Paktoonistan to Bengal (beyond Cuttack) in East India to become a Maratha confederacy. The Great Maratha, 'Mahadji Shinde' was the kingmaker at Delhi who played a dominant role in deciding the fate of Delhi rulers but never thought of occupying the throne for himself.In the battle that took place near Delhi ,after the Mughal power declined, the Marathas conclusively defeated Afgan-Rohila forces led by Shah Abdali & Najib Khan in 1756. Najib Khan surrendered to the Marathas and became their prisoner. This battle liberated Punjab from the Muslim dominion after 800 years. The Marathas chased and drove the Afghans back to Afghanistan. Thereafter Najib Khan woed Malharrao Holkar to his side and in return secured his release. Thus Marathas released Najib Khan. He again invited Shah Abdali for his second invasion in 1759. Marathas formed alliance with the Jat King Suraj Mal of Bharatpur This alliance led by Shrimant Sadshiv Rao Bhau and Shrimant Vishwas Rao (the Peshwa Shrimant Balaji Baji Rao's son) won spectacular victories and captured Delhi and Kunjapura. This was the time when the entire North & Central India was in the Maratha Command.Here the alliance developed cracks about handling of Delhi matters and ultimately split. Suraj Mal withdrew from the alliance. The Marathas then marched upto Panipat and blockedg the way of the Afghans back to Afghanistan, instead of continuing their attacks to completely defeat the partly defeated Abdali and Najib Khan. Seeing their way back to their homeland blocked, the Afghans in turn, blocked the way of the Marathas back into the Deccan. This standoff continued for a few months, while the Afghans cut-off all supplies to the huge Maratha army. The Afghans with Najib Khan meanwhile recaptured Delhi and Kunjpura. On the decisive day of 14th January 1761, the Marathas decided to break-through the Afghan blockade and re-enter Deccan. The disastrous battle saw about one hundred thousand Maratha troops killed in a matter of eight hours. Nanasaheb Peshwe (Balaji Bajirao) lost his brother, Sadashivrao, and also his first son, Vishwasrao, in this battle. Nanashaeb , unable to bear the shock also died shortly. It was one of the worst defeats for Marathas, Hinduism & the Indian Nationalist Forces. The dream of bringing India under one unified Hindu rule was thus shattered. The Afghans too suffered heavy losses and decided enough was enough and went back to Afghanistan. Abdali never returned to India after this stormy campaign. The Peshwas also lost control on the Maratha empire thereafter and the Maratha Generals like Shindes (Gwalior) and Holkars (Indore) consolidated themselves after this, in the North & Central India.For Marathas 'Panipat is a synonym for Disaster' and it haunts even the present generation of Marathas.



Shivaji Maharaj with his Mother
(Jijamata)

The Marathas were at the forefront in the 1857 mutiny against the British and gave wholehearted support for the same. Though they could muster support from a few Hindu Kingdoms in the North, most of them refused to oblige them. The lack of planning, proper co-ordination within Hindu rulers, lack of diplomatic efforts, firearms & communication facilities led to the failure of this mutiny. The Marathas have also whole-heartedly supported the Independence movement especially the ‘Quit India’ movement of 1942 in large Numbers. Thus Marathas have carved out a place of pride for themselves in the History of India. It is a community of Natural Nationalists.The Marathas hold 'Chhatrapati Shri Shivaji Maharaj' ,who brought pride to this community at a very high esteem. This community became dominant in the politics of Maharshtra State after the formation of a Marathi speaking Maharashtra state in 1960.The community has prospered through the effective use of co-operative movement and brought employment in rural areas by establishing Sugar Factories,Spinning Mills,Banks,Milk Dairies and other institutions in co-operative sector. The co-operative sector holds complete control over this community in the countryside.Socially, the present day Marathas find themselves sandwiched between the Brahmins and Backward classes (including the Scheduled castes and tribes). The Brahmins acquired a higher social status thru the advancement made by them in Education, thereby acquiring good jobs in the private sector as well as the Government jobs and generally residing in towns & cities. The Backward classes got the Government jobs by virtue of their castes whereas the Brahmins overpowered them there in open competition. The only saving grace for this community is the small pieces of Ancestral lands they own and a few jobs created by them in the co-operative sector. The lands have also got reduced to a few thousand sq.ft (gunthas) over a period of time, due to family partitions. Though the present generation Maratha youth is taking education they find it difficult to get jobs competing with the Brahmins and other urban classes.The leading lights of this community are Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur, Late Sayajirao Gaekwad of Baroda ,Late Yashwantrao Chavan (Ex-Deputy PM),Late Vasantraodada Patil(Ex CM Maharshtra),Late Balasaheb Desai (Ex Home Min. Maharashtra ,Shri. Yeshwantrao Mohite (Ex-Fin Min of Maharashtra),Prof. Shivajirao Bhosale,Late Vithalrao Vikhe Patil,Late Shivajirao Patil (Mathadi workers Leader).In the present generation Sharad Pawar (Leader of NCP) occupies the prime position.
Attempts made by Late Shivajirao patil and now Mr Shasikant pawar to unite this commninity under the banner of ‘Akhil Bhartiya Maratha Mahasangh’ have met with little success. The idea of Maratha Mahasangh was to put forth the views of this community to the Government on a common platform. Another organization ‘Maratha Sewa Sangh’ headed by Mr Purushottam Khedekar have formed a new Religion called ‘Shiv Dharma’on January 12, 2005. This was basically to oppose to the Brahmin oriented Hindu religion which is full of blind beliefs and superstitions, inculcated in the minds over generations. This religion has found very little or negligible support from the maratha community since it stands on Brahmin hatred rather than sound fundamental ideology. This religion seeems to be a confused lot with social demands than religious or spiritual requirement.On 14th Feb 2003 Smt. Shalinitai Patil a senior MLA of Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)addressesed the convention of Maratha Mahasangh at Kolhapur. Amongst other things She demanded "Reservation of seats in Government jobs & Educational institutions based on Economic considerations rather than Caste basis". A point the 'meritorious'amongst the forward castes have been making for so long. Maratha Mahasangh general secretary Rajendra Khondre had resented two decisions taken on May 25, 2004, by the Sushilkumar Shinde government and said that they had triggered a wave of resentment in the Maratha community. The first pertained to reservations for backward castes in the cooperative sector. Until recently, Maratha youths could get jobs in sugar factories, spinning mills, dairies and banks in the cooperative sector. "But now, the job opportunities for them in this sector, which controls the rural economy of Maharashtra, have shrunk considerably," Khondre said. The second decision relates to the reservation of jobs in the Class I and super Class I categories in the government for backward castes. The Maratha Mahasangh, an influential body representing the community, has opposed this.The Marathas have by and large peacefully accepted the social changes due to the Shahu-Ambedkar -Phule legacy and their own 'Bahujan Samaj' concept(i.e taking all sections of the society together). A word very often referred by politicians and used by Sh.Kanshiram for his political party.


(Rajmudra of Shivaji Maharaj)

This gentleman incidently was influenced with 'Bahujan samaj' concept in Maharshtra while working at Ordnance Factory Khadki, Pune.Present day Marathas find it difficult to accept the reservations extended to the creamy layers amongst the backward classes and the second generation of those who have availed the benefit once, whereas a maratha student coming from a lower middle class/poor family is denied the seat due to his caste. Some sections of Marathas had in the past demanded reservation for them in the backward classes. The going goes tough for Marathas as jobs in pulic as well as private sector are shrinking and they are getting hit where it matters the most; in employment. Still the community continues to live with pride inheriting the rich legacy and history.This was a small effort to tell you about the Maratha community in an impartial way. There is a need to unite this community for its social & economic advancement .We invite your comments & suggestions on the same .
Write to http://www.maratha-96.blogspot.com/
Chhatrapati Shri Shivaji Maharaj
-Founder of Hindavi Swarajya

राष्ट्रमाता-राजमाता जिजाऊ मासाहेब

राष्ट्रमाता-राजमाता जिजाऊ मासाहेब
जय जिजाऊ,
महाराष्ट्राची कुलस्वामिनी आई तुळजा भवानी, राष्ट्रमाता-राजमाता जिजाऊ मासाहेब , स्वराज्य संस्थापक युगपुरूष छ्त्रपती शिवाजी महाराज आणि धर्मवीर संभाजी महाराज ह्या सर्वांना नतमस्तक होऊन आम्ही लवकरच आपल्या समोर ही वेबसाइट घेऊन येत आहोत.सबंध हिंदुस्थानातील मातांना नव्हे तर या विश्वातील मातृत्वा साठी एक आदर्श असणारी माता म्हणजे मातोश्री जिजाऊ! ज्या काळी सारी रयत, सारे राष्ट्र हे जुलमी राजवटी खाली अन्याय सहन करत होते , जेव्हा यवनांकडून हे राज्य रोज बाटवले जात होते, आया-बहिणींच्या अब्रू दिवसा ढवळया लुटल्या जात होत्या, शेतकर्यांचे-मजुरांचे धान्य लुटले जाई, आणि आपलेच लोक परकीयांच्या पायाशी आपली निष्ठा बाळगण्यातच आपला मोठेपणा समजत होते, सह्याद्रीला ही लाजेने आपली मान खाली घालावी लागेल असला तो कठीण काळ होता. अवघा मराठी मावळ एका घोर पारतंत्र्याच्या अंधारात बुडालेला होता. तेव्हा त्या माऊलीने स्वराज्याच एक देखण स्वप्न पाहील. सह्याद्रीच्या कड्या-कपार्‍यातून स्वातंत्र्याची पहाट घेऊन येणारा किरण जिजाऊ पोटी जन्माला आला. त्या माऊलिने पाहिलेले सुंदर स्वप्न प्रत्यक्षात साकारण्या करिता जिजाऊ पोटी शिवबा ने जन्म घेतला. आई च्या गर्भातच ज्याला लढण्याची आणि जिंकण्याची ही रीत उमगली. अन्याया विरुद्ध लढ्याची प्रेरणा ज्याला जिजाऊ कडून भेटली आणि यवनी सत्तेचा अंत करून एका अभेद्य हिंदवी स्वराज्याची, मराठी साम्राज्याची स्थापना जिजाऊंच्या आशिर्वादाने शिवबा च्या हाताने झाली. धन्य ती माऊली आणि धन्य ते शिवराय! त्या थोर मातेस आणि तिच्या मातृत्वाला आमचा मुजरा, त्रिवार मुजरा!
या विश्वातील सार्‍या मातांना! आणि मातृत्वाच्या त्या पवित्र नात्यास आम्ही नतमस्तक होतो !

तुमच्या शुभेच्छा आणि आशीर्वाद तसेच वेब-साइट निर्मिती साठी चे योगदान आम्हास अपेक्षित आहेत.

अंधार होत चाललाय दिवा पाहीजे, या देशाला जिजाऊचा शिवा पाहिजे ॥

राजमाता जिजाऊंचा आदर्श ठेवायला हवा !

कोल्हापूर महानगरपालिकेने चालविलेली बहुजन सुखाय असे ब्रीदवाक्य धारण करणारी राजमाता जिजाबाई गर्ल्स हायस्कूल हिचा शुभारंभ भृतपूर्व नगरपरिषदेने सन १९५४ साली केला.इवलेसे रोप लावियले दारी । तयाचा वेलू गेला गगनावरी । या युक्तीनसार प्रथम छोट्याशा जागेत सुरू झालेली जागा आज सर्व सोयीनी समृध्द असणा-या दुमजली प्रशस्त इमारतीत सुरू आहे.
जिजाबाई गर्ल्स हायस्कूल वैशिष्ट्य म्हणजे प्रत्येक विद्यार्थिनींना महानगरपालिकेतर्फे मोफत युनिफॉर्म देण्या येतात.कोणत्याही कारणासाठी वर्गणी घेतली जात नाही.विद्यार्थिनींना पुस्तक पेढीमधून क्रमिक पुस्तके व वह्या देण्यात येतात.अद्यावत लॅब विभाग सुरू आहे.
महानगरपालिकेचे एकमेव मुलींचे हायस्कूल असून ह्या हायस्कूलमधून शिक्षण घेतलेल्या अनेक माजी विद्यार्थानी अनेक क्षेत्रात दिसतात.गतसालच्या उपमहापौर श्रीमती माईसाहेब रेडेकर,सध्याच्या नगरसेविका सौ.यशोदा प्रकाश मोहिते व सौ.शालिनी सर्जेराव पाटील ह्या हायस्कूलच्या माजी विद्यार्थानी आहेत.हायस्कूलमधील सर्व शिक्षक विद्यार्थानिंच्या पालकांशी सतत संपर्क ठेवून अभ्यासाच्या प्रगतिबद्दल सूचना करतात.इयत्ता १० वी साठी शाळेच्या वेळे व्यतिरीक्त व सुटीमध्ये अभ्यासवर्ग घेऊन चांगल्या प्रकारे निकाल लागण्यासाठी अतिरिक्त प्रयत्न करतात.अनेक उपक्रमामंध्ये स्पर्धेमध्ये हायस्कूलचा सहभाग प्रकर्षाने जाणवतो. महापालिकेची १००‍‍% अनुदान प्राप्त असलेल्या हायस्कूलमध्ये सन १९५४ पासुन ९ मुख्याध्यापक झाले.आज २१ शिक्षक व ८ शिक्षकेतर सेवक कार्यरत आहेत.

RAJMATAJIJAU

जानेवारी महिन्यातील दिनविशेष
१२ जानेवारी
राजमाता जिजाबाई यांचा जन्म बुलढाणा जिल्ह्यात सिंदखेड येथे झाला. (१५९८)